Role of Advance Practice Nurse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Job of Advance Practice Nurse - Research Paper Example As indicated by the paper the ANP should utilize his propelled degree of instruction to exhortation and advice general society on solid living propensities. Hamric, Spross and Hanson recommend that the person ought to likewise help center level attendants in understanding genuine clinical oddities. ANPs are permitted to utilize their propelled clinical information for clinical determination and solution. The authoritative jobs of ANPs incorporate checking and coaching junior clinical staff and overseeing claim to fame clinical segments as indicated by Hamric, Spross and Hanson . ANPs ought to take part in research in their different strength territories to acknowledge and improve treatment techniques and clinical practices. An Advanced Nurse Educator (ANE) is a nursing teacher that is liable for instructing nursing understudies and they are mostly situated in colleges, universities and clinical examination offices. Furlong and Smith attest that the principle job of ANEs in clinical p ractice is to actualize the best clinical examination and care gauges into the nursing calling. The job of ANES in essential consideration is to give elevated requirement abilities and information to nursing understudies to guarantee they practice essential consideration adequately.

Medicine Alone Cannot Stop the Spread of HIV/Aids in Sub-Saharan Africa Essay

On the off chance that the world was to be improved a spot to live, at that point just two things remain while in transit to that acknowledgment: miserable destitution and malady. Truth be told, it isn't astounding that the two are some the significant worries of the 21st century in numerous nations. The UN, in its part, distinguishes battling HIV/Aids internationally and miserable destitution in underdeveloped nations as the guide to the accomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2004, 46). Nonetheless, the truth in the creating nations point to a glaring truth: the battle has far to go. To be sure, the current age of the third world’s experiencing masses acquired their wretchedness their antecedents, and there is a probability that they will give their burdens to their youngsters. In the battle against ailment, it is evident that HIV/Aids has guaranteed the need recently given to intestinal sickness. In Africa, particularly, most non-legislative associations are engaged with helping the landmass think about its weight of Aids patients. Practically day by day, the UN, The World Bank and benefactors from the grew west dispatch transfers of alleviation help as antiretroviral medications to Africa to assist Africa with battling the pandemic. In any case, it is turning out to be progressively certain that in Africa, the world is on the whole losing the war against HIV/Aids. Rather than diminishing, diseases in many nations are expanding, while an ever increasing number of individuals keep on dieing from HIV related intricacies. The current circumstance is a solid sign that the methodology taken to battle the disease isn't working. A great part of the endeavors are coordinated toward treating the issue, while disregarding a large group of different elements which impede fruitful control of the illness. They incorporate social practices, poor administration, obliviousness, excellent authority defilement just as destitution. In sub-Saharan Africa, particularly, these achievements subvert any endeavors to battle the ailment. Regarding the circumstance in sub-Saharan Africa, the paper contends that medication alone can't free humankind of the Aids scourge. To the extent HIV/Aids is concerned, all that medication can do is treat manifestations, however not forestall its spread. In such manner, Aids keep on rampaging in light of the fact that assets are coordinated towards tending to contamination cases, while disregarding the components that lead to more diseases. Regardless of whether medication was to totally fix the sickness, new cases will consistently emerge. In this manner, the significant shortcoming of a clinical way to deal with battling HIV/Aids in sub-Saharan Africa is that it just handles a small amount of the contributing elements, yet endeavors to help those effectively tainted (McKee, et al, 2004, 297). Other than forestalling mother-youngster contamination during birth, medication does little to address the Aids scourge in the more extensive setting. While it targets casualties, it doesn’t address the social and financial components that keep on adding more casualties to the overlay. Shockingly enough, the vast majority of these contributing components have no clinical measurement by any means, prompting the end that more than medication alone can contain the Aids alarm in sub-Saharan Africa. Poor authority among Africa’s political class makes the battle against HIV/Aids a miserable undertaking (Europa Publications, 2004, 25). Their absence of national vision guarantees that appropriate issues identified with the annihilation of preventable maladies are disregarded. Thus, poor arrangements are figured, which are similarly inadequately executed. It is abnormal that since 1979 when the principal instances of the contamination was analyzed among gays in New York, USA, after 30 years, the scourge is hitting hardest a great many miles away, where gay connections are an untouchable. Despite what might be expected, the created countries have effectively contained its spread, which had little to do with cutting edge medication. The fundamental actuality is that medication neither fixes nor keeps one from getting the infections. It subsequently follows that the endeavors that prompted the effective control of the contamination in the west had little to do with medication. Then again, great administration and powerful approaches could be ascribed to their prosperity. As an unmistakable difference, most sub-Sahara African nations have no reasonable arrangements on the best way to battle the scourge and forestall further diseases. Identified with poor administration is uncontrolled debasement in government. The drive to battle Aids is generally supported by giver help. Be that as it may, the board of the assets is left to the recipients, whose absence of pledge to the reason makes them to redirect assets intended to support casualties. Throughout the years, debasement in Africa has advanced into a mafia-like cartel, with a wide system of associations through which funds are directed from open coffers. At the point when debasement turns into a culture, as of now it is in sub-Saharan Africa, assets implied for a national reason consistently discover their way into private hands. It has been broadly contended that Africa endures not in light of constrained assets, but instead on the grounds that those assets are abused to serve the interests of a couple of individuals. It s the equivalent with assets intended to battle HIV/Aids. In any case how much the World Bank and contributors siphon into Africa, the issue is going to continue as long as the debasement exists. The contention that Africans ought to be left to run their show on grounds of independence is pretense to permit degenerate people in charge. The sadness of the mainland is the acknowledgment that givers must spending plan for the consumption to the last coin, else they ought to be happy to keep a consistent income to continue the insatiability of thieves. Social practices are the best obstruction in the war against the spread of HIV/Aids (Baxen and Breidlid, 2009, 33). In certain pieces of sub-Sahara African nations, for example, Kenya and Uganda, female circumcision is a typical practice in many networks. In Kenya, for example, genital mutilation is the pre-imperative to marriage, and in that capacity, all young ladies must face the blade to get a spouse. The training is profoundly established in the Maasai people group, where young ladies are grabbed from school to be circumcised before they are quickly offered. Be that as it may, the most serious peril isn't marriage, yet rather the circumcision itself. It isn't led by a specialist, however by a nearby birthing specialist or botanist, who thinks minimal about cleansing and sterile treatment of entry point instruments. Thusly, the starts share one blade, along these lines expanding odds of contamination. Likewise, polygamy and spouse legacy rehearses is an incredible peril. Among the Luo clan of Kenya, widows are acquired by their husband’s siblings, in any case the reason for death. It is through such practices that the pandemic spread quickly in the network, clearing out entire families in brisk progressions. In Swaziland, the ruler himself is the pioneer of polygamy. He holds the yearly Dance of the Reeds, whose sole intention is for King Mswati to pick an extra spouse from among the virgin artists. The political arrangement of the nation is monarchial, and the ruler has over and over figured out how to crush protesters and activists restricted to his overabundances. Along these lines, if the very pioneers who should provide guidance are lost in social practices that advance the spread of the infection, at that point no medication will prevent it from guaranteeing the majority who turn upward to such pioneers. Like in a fight, the habit of a general is the fate of an entire detachment. Presently, Swaziland is a modest nation encircled by S. Africa, whose president as of late cocked eyebrows (and gestures of understanding among polygamists) when he took his fourth spouse, who up to that point, appropriately, was his mistress. Prior on, he had astounded numerous when he concurred that he had pampered his sexual ability on a HIV constructive female companion, however quieted people’s fears that he had cleaned up promptly a short time later to forestall contamination. At the point when such foolishness originates from a head of state, it mirrors the despicable circumstance of the entire country. In what capacity can such a pioneer actualize any compelling strategy, when he has confidence in legends and odd feelings? Along these lines, the remedy for Aids, unexpectedly, isn't medication: it is changing the convictions and perspectives of the individuals. There is nothing that blinds like numbness. The West is liberated from the appendages of the Aids scourge to a great extent in light of the fact that their populaces are proficient, and mindful of viable anticipation measures. Despite what might be expected, high lack of education in sub-Saharan Africa has made numerous victims survivors of numbness (Coriat, 2008, 147). Truth be told, education levels mirror the financial status of a populace. The day to day environments of most Africans is to a great extent pegged on their degree of instruction. Corresponding to HIV/Aids, absence of data because of the powerlessness to peruse or compose, opens numerous individuals to circumstances where they could get the infection without their insight. For example, individuals share cutting items, for example, razors, blades and needles; negligent of the threats to which they uncover themselves. Likewise, data about HIV/Aids is generally accessible in unknown dialects, which just a couple, the informed ones, could comprehend. Along these lines, the individuals who are unskilled, and who includes the dominant part in sub-Saharan Africa, are denied access to data that could spare their lives. Ultimately, sub-Saharan Africa is faltering in wretched destitution (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2004, 87). Neediness adds to the spread of the disease the same number of young ladies take part in business sex to make a decent living. In many towns, the mushrooming of ghettos is credited to the convergence of jobseekers who come to get by (Brower and Chalk, 2003, 40). Be that as it may, Africa is for the most part described by high joblessness rates. Therefore, inability to make sure about a vocation drives numerous to ghetto life, and for most women, prostitution (Zichichi, et al, 2001, 627). The threat of prostitution is because of the way that business sex laborers don't pick their customers. In a manner of speaking, they are picked, laid and paid,

8 a.m. Class When to Worry

8 a.m. Class When to Worry There is often a stigma for incoming college Freshmen that they will have all 8:00 classes. Is that good? Is that bad? Well, the truth is that it completely depends on the person, their major, and how quick they are to sign up for classes. I, a current freshman, have never had an 8:00 a.m. class, but I have had quite a few at 9:00, while I know sophomores and juniors who have 8:00 classes five days a week. First off, whether to fear an 8:00 class depends on each individual student. If you are someone who gets to bed early, wakes up excited about the day, and tends to have a get up and go attitude, I encourage you to take 8:00 classes. Morning classes are an incredible motivator to get the day started and actually lead to healthier choices throughout the day, too. Second, considering your major is an important factor in determining whether you will have to take early morning classes or not. If you are in a very large major, such as Engineering or General Studies, the odds of you always getting the classes and times you want are quite slim. If you are in a smaller major, say Speech and Hearing Sciences, your chances increase. Last but not least, how quickly an individual signs up for classes is often a big determinant in whether they have to take early classes or not. At the University of Illinois, there are ways to get access to early class registration, and thus, nearly always getting the classes and times most desired. Being a student-athlete or a James Scholar (more to come in my next blog post) gets early access and let me tell you, it really is fantastic. All in all, do not fear an early morning class. Embrace it. Early classes force you to be more productive throughout the day, and there will always be time for a power nap somewhere in your schedule. Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Bullying And Its Effects On Children - 1476 Words

For several decades, bullying has spread significantly. It has been present all over the world for as long as people can remember. And when technology was released, it created new ways for people to communicate, which made bullying become even worse than before. Adults, teenagers, and children that are all the same are being bullied. Bullying can take form in many different ways, as well as it can affect the victim, and people are also able to stop the behavior. THE TYPES OF BULLYING A bullying victim can be bullied physically by being pushed around on a playground or in the hallways of a school. Spitting, kicking, pinching, and hitting are also forms of physical bullying that may occur during or after school as well (Bullying†¦show more content†¦Every one in four students during the school year, that’s twenty-two percent, report being bullied (Bullying Statistics). Cyberbullying is much different, sometimes the victim doesn’t know who the online bully is, because the bully may have an account that doesn’t show a face, or have any personal information on it. Cyberbullying is where the bully sends mean threats or messages through text, spread things online that aren’t true, posts hurtful things on social media, and much more. Cyberbullying happens more during the last three years of high school than middle school grades, till the first year of high school (Cyberbullying Statistics). Michele Hamm, from the University of Alberta, is a researcher in pediatrics (Pappas). She explains, â€Å"Kids really are hesitant to tell anyone when cyberbullying occurs. There seems to be a common fear that if they tell their parents, for example, they’ll lose their internet access.† There’s more than one in three children , or young people, that have received online threats from cyber bullies. One fourth of young adults a nd teens have been continuously bullied on the internet or through messages sent to the victim. And young people that are cyber bullied, well over half of them do not tell their parents when they are bullied online (Cyberbullying Statistics). Michele made a good point, children don’t want internet privileges taken away, and don’t want to be grounded or not be able to hang out with friends because of the bullying

Assessing Merits and Limitations of the Ideas of Karl Marx...

Assessing Merits and Limitations of the Ideas of Karl Marx Marxism, or scientific socialism as it is also known, became particularly popular during the 1970s as the realisation that functionalism was flawed became apparent, as it regarded stratification as a divisive rather than an integrative structure. It takes its name from the founder Karl Marx (1818-1883), and centres around the grand theory that Capitalist society creates class inequalities and alienation, which can only be removed through the revolutionary actions of the working class. Surrounded by both support and critique, Marx has provided influence within politics and economics and an opposing argument to both Functionalism and†¦show more content†¦This creates conflict of interests, as one social group, the owners of the means of production benefit off the back of others, a position he believed that could not continue. The first contradiction in Marxs view, Wages versus Profit Achieved by the Bourgeoisie, states that society operates mainly through class conflict. In particular he argues that in capitalistic society the bourgeoisie and the proletariat are fundamentally opposed. Marx believed that real wealth was only created by the labour power of the workers, yet the wages that are paid to them is well below that taken in profit by the people who own the means of production. However, voting rights and the formation of trade unions have given the working class more power and influence in society than when Marx was writing, enabling workers to demand fair pay and working conditions. In spite of this there is still much evidence of opposing class interests and class conflict, such as strikes and industrial sabotage in the workplace. In 1989 British Social Attitudes Survey reported that over half of the population of modern Britain still believes that there are strong conflicts between the rich and poor and between Workers and Managers. Secondly Marx argued that, in capitalism large numbers of workers acting collectively achieves production, which he refers to as Organisation versusShow MoreRelatedTransformative and Instrumental Views on Education in Australia2769 Words   |  12 PagesNotable social theorist Karl Marx discerned that society could be divided into to groups or classes; the capitalist class (high SES) and working class (low SES). He surmised that the distinction between the two was their relationship to labour (Connell et al., 2013 pp. 81). In laymen’s terms: whether they worked on the land or owned the land that was worked on. This division of people into groups based on their social position is a process known as social stratification. 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School of Rock Review Free Essays

You and your whole family will love the brand new film about to hit the big screen.. School of Rock! The lead role, Dewey Finn, is played by the legendary Jack Black (and I must admit, nobody could do any better) and direction is done by Richard Linklater, who appears to do an amazing job. We will write a custom essay sample on School of Rock Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now After being kicked out of his garage band for the latest 10 minute long guitar solos, wannabe rock star, Dewey Finn must find a way to earn some money to pay his rent. Living in his best friend Ned’s spare room with the constant furious temper of Ned’s fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, Patti, Dewey is desperate to find a way to put a new band together better than any other, in order to fulfil Dewey’s dream of winning Battle of the Bands. Teaching children would not be the most obvious of solutions, but when Dewey sees his chance to earn some extra money, he can’t get to the chalkboard quick enough! After a day of Dewey putting his feet up and listening to children endlessly begging for learning and education, he soon comes to realise that the children have a very special talent for music. Suddenly, Dewey’s enthusiasm for his teaching job no longer is the centre of attention in his mind; spotting a peculiar way to put a band together, he then replaces curriculum lessons with a schedule based around rock, consisting of homework involving listening to Dewey’s collection of rock CD’s. With the Battle of the Bands contest getting even closer, Dewey has to match his snobby school children to his hard-rocking competition. School of rock has everything a successful rock band needs, from lead guitarist to groupies, just inside the classroom. There’s a feel good feel to the film, changing Dewey for the better, he learns to genuinely see the talent in the children. What impressed me most about School of rock is the hilarious comedy enough to make you wet your pants. Not everyone will enjoy School of Rock, and it’s one of those films that’ll require you to be in a good mood to enjoy, but if you are – you definitely will. How to cite School of Rock Review, Papers

LORD OF THE FLIES The Stronger free essay sample

LORD OF THE FLIES: The Stronger Of The Two Essay, Research Paper LORD OF THE FLIES The Stronger of the Two By Alana Rush In the book, Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, there are 2 chief characters who become opposing leaders. Jack, the totalitarianist, and Ralph, the Democrat. Jack is the stronger of the two, and the better leader for many grounds. He has control over the male childs and makes certain that they? re basking themselves, Jack knows what is needed for endurance and has all the accomplishments necessary for a good leader. Jack is shown holding a strong manus over the chorus. This demonstrates his ability to move as a leader. His hawkish actions and determinations besides make him good respected among the male childs. They think of him as holding a steadfast manus and a strong sense of power. He lets the other male childs portion the power as good. We will write a custom essay sample on LORD OF THE FLIES The Stronger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In some instances, those allowed power maltreatment that right and stain Jack? s repute as an efficient leader. Roger, the sadist torturer, cruelly went on his ain lead and made Jack expression bad. Jack, nevertheless, was able to turn out lt ;< br /> that he knew what was best and that he wasn? Ts truly portion of Ralph? s immorality secret plan. Jack has certain qualities that are needed to do a good leader. Charisma, leading abilities, and exceeding power control are merely a few. He besides knew how to survive. He was the 1 who launched the Hunt that equipped the male childs with fresh meat, as opposed to Ralph, who, as written by Golding ( p.72 ) , ? Said no more, did nil, stood looking down. ? He besides provided fire and the elements necessary for stable mental wellness, every bit good as strong build. Jack was able to believe rapidly, make the best of a state of affairs and do determinations in the best involvement of the full group. Golding wrote ( p.20 ) that, ? Merridew # 8230 ; made the best of a bad job. ? Jack found nutrient when no 1 else was able and provided construction in the lives of the barbarian boys. Jack is evidently the stronger leader. Did all the male childs non fall in his folk, after all? With speedy humor, cognition of endurance and outstanding control, he was an enviable leader. In decision, Jack was most decidedly and first-class leader.

The Effectiveness of Marketing Strategy Essays

The Effectiveness of Marketing Strategy Essays The Effectiveness of Marketing Strategy Essay The Effectiveness of Marketing Strategy Essay Student’s Name Instructor’s Name Class Name Date The Effectiveness of Marketing Strategy Effective marketing strategies are usually holistic as they incorporate various aspects of the organization in order to accomplish their set goals. This is evident in Dole, a company that deals with vegetables and fruits, fresh and packaged. Among the marketing strategies evident in the company is the B2B marketing strategy that is applied in the manufacturing process. Primarily, the B2B strategy requires identifying a need such as a business opportunity. This is followed by the organization inviting companies to design tenders through a proposal process. A process of analyzing, selection, and negotiation is carried out upon the company that meets the main organization’s standards. Dole refers to this tender selection as the business-to-business buying process. Another marketing strategy that is noted at Dole is having a consultative organizational culture in which decisions are made from results of a given team’s analysis. Normally, the credibility of the chosen company is verified by Dole’s representatives. Dole requires the chosen company to operate strictly under Dole’s specifications and conditions. The business-to-business buying process portrayed involves selection of a vendor who and re-buys where a vendor with good performance is referred for other contracts. We are made to understand that this process allows shorter processing times. The strategies implemented above have become effective for Dole. This is because they are able to make improvements their processes through customer feedbacks, creation of credible partnerships with vendors, and the uniform structure helps prevent wastage, lapses in communication of time, and compromise in quality by the vendors. In addition, the usage of different communication means with vendors and using three to four vendors thus avoiding monopoly ensures continued competition. This consequently leads to high quality performance by the vendors. Dole’s strategies are therefore applied for the purpose of manufacturing, marketing, and quality control.

The Wall - Picture Book About A Visit to Vietnam War Memorial

The Wall - Picture Book About A Visit to Vietnam War Memorial Author Eve Bunting has a gift for writing about serious subjects in a way that makes them accessible to young children, and she has done just that in her picture book The Wall. This childrens picture book is about a father and his young sons visit to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Its a good book to share on Memorial Day, as well as Veterans Day and any other day of the year. The Wall by Eve Bunting: The Story A young boy and his dad have traveled all the way to Washington, DC to see the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. They have come to find the name of the boys grandfather, his dads father. The little boy calls the memorial my grandfathers wall. As the father and son look for the grandfathers name, they meet others who are visiting the memorial, including a veteran in a wheelchair and a couple weeping while hugging one another. They see flowers, letters, flags, and a teddy bear that have been left at the wall. When they find the name, they do a rubbing and leave a school photograph of the boy on the ground below his grandfathers name. When the boy says, Its sad here, his father explains, Its a place of honor. The Books Impact This brief description does not do justice to the book. It is a poignant tale, made more so by the muted watercolor illustrations of Richard Himler. The boys obvious feelings of loss for a man he never knew, and his fathers quiet remark, He was just my age whe he was killed, really bring home the impact of war on the families whose lives have been changed by the loss of a loved one. Yet, while the father and sons visit to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is bittersweet, it is a comfort to them, and this, in turn, is a comfort to the reader. The Author and the Illustrator Author Eve Bunting was born in Ireland and came to the United States as a young woman. She has written more than 200 childrens books. These range from picture books to young adult books. She has written other childrens books on serious subjects, such as Fly Away Home (homelessness), Smoky Night (the Los Angeles riots) and Terrible Things: An Allegory of the Holocaust. Eve Bunting has also written numerous more lighthearted childrens books, such as Sunflower House and Flower Garden, both of which are on my Top 10 Children’s Picture Books About Gardens and Gardening list. In addition to The Wall, artist Richard Himler has illustrated a number of other books by Eve Bunting. These include Fly Away Home, A Days Work, and Train to Somewhere. Among the childrens books hes illustrated for other authors are Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes and Katies Trunk. Recommendation The Wall is recommended for six- to nine-year-olds. Even if your child is an independent reader, I suggest that you use it as a read-aloud. By reading it aloud to your children, you will have the opportunity to answer any questions they may have, to reassure them, and to discuss the story and the purpose of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. You might also put this book on your list of books to read around Memorial Day and Veterans Day. (Clarion Books, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1990; Reading Rainbow paperback edition, 1992. ISBN: 9780395629772)

Information management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Information management - Essay Example 38). It provides an opportunity to introduce best practices and organizational transformation to deliver significant contribution for result-based corporate achievement. This paper will explicate the role of information and knowledge management in company development but focused on the application of the principles to case at hand—the THB Confectionary, a producer of hazel nut toffees which evolved and maximized e-commerce to expand its products from what was originally produced. Tim Hazel-Brown (THB) operated a factory in Derby by selling hazel nut toffees. Recently, THB Confectionery expanded its business line by launching an online competition to guess the time and place of old coins and stamps imprinted on to the inside of their product’s sweet wrappers. This added a new angle in the business management. The guessing competition pertaining to sourcing coins and stamps was sustained and gathered responses globally; from those who shared interests and enthusiasm. Most of those who joined are presumed to be coins and stamp collectors. This inspired Tim to add more value in customer management because the approach evokes new meaning that ‘last longer than the taste and memory of a delicious candy.’ What the company has done was to imprint coins and stamps in gold and silver foil that are historically emanating from AD60 – a historic representation of gem indeed. Tim professed that the entry of modern information technology hastens their decision to integrate e-commerce in their business operations – which is supporting the whole chain from supply, delivery, and customer service. Through internet and social media, THB Confectionery was able to develop its global market, thus, the expansion of confectionary and the sourcing of coins and stamps in 2007 that enticed supports from other businessmen in Asia. These online communities, which came from varied countries, have wealth of information that has

The role animals play in our lives Research Proposal

The role animals play in our lives - Research Proposal Example Animals as pets are our companions and friends, in terms of forensics, they are employed for searching crime and criminal or law breaking activities and in terms of their presence in the forests in our environment, they add beauty in our lives and our environment. Overall, it can be said that animals and human beings are attached to each other in a bondage that is beneficial for both of the members. In this paper, there is discussion of animal and human bondage to a detailed extent; afterwards the role of animals as pet animals is accessed and lastly, the role of animals in crime detection and solution is accessed. At the end, the topic is concluded. This paper analyzes the role of animals in our lives in a manner that is comprehensible and understandable. Woodward and Bauer (2007) inform in their article, â€Å"People and Their Pets: A Relational Perspective on Interpersonal Complementarity and Attachment in Companion Animal Owners† that â€Å"the roots of the human-animal bond date to very early history and likely have their origins in food acquisition† (172). Humans are attached to animals in a bondage that is very close and long lasting. From the advent of humanity on earth, there has been linkage between human beings and animals (Woodward and Bauer, 2007). Animals are not only kept as pets but they are employed for a lot of purposes. They feed us by their meat and milk. They live with us as our partners and friends. They try to solve our problems of loneliness and solitude. They try to sooth our pains. They make us happy. They help us towards resolution of problems. They love us and care for us and they give us merriment with their innocent activities and performances. The importance of animals in our lives cannot be neglected, as they are our partners in leading lives. Human and animal bond cannot be seen as a bond between a pet and his/her owner but every link that is developed between animals and human beings. The animals can be pets as well as

GMO Labeling and Dangers

GMO Labeling and Dangers The average American can consume up to 1,996 pounds of food in one year. The initial intent of GMOs was to increase crop yields to meet the demand for the ever growing population. GMOs or (genetically modified organisms) are the results of an organism with the DNA of another organism. So its one organism with the DNA of another or many organisms. This does not occur naturally. GMOs are actually illegal in many countries, because they are not considered safe. GMOs have done nothing but increase crop yields. Since being used they have caused some people to develop allergies and have allergic reactions to the foods they are used in because we have not labeled the foods with GMOs. One of the big debates going on right now is should Genetically Modified Organisms be labeled? A total of three states have passed a law to require GMOs to be labeled. Vermont, connecticut, and Maine were the first of the three states to pass a law requiring GMOs to be labeled. The reason GMOs should be labeled is because many people are allergic to them, and, if they are not labeled, then how can you tell. This could result in severe allergic reactions, some of which could result in death. There are many things that you can do such as scanning the product to find out if it is a GMO, but who wants to spend all evening in the store waiting on your phone to work, and reading to find out when the product could be labeled. Several countries such as China, Australia, and European Union require GMOs to be labeled, currently the united states does not require labeling. Some companies like Campbells, ConAgra, General Mills and many others have already started labeling their products accordin g to Vermonts law. According to The reason GMO food should be voluntarily labeled by the food industry is that it is clear some consumers want to know what they are eating and they have a right to know what is in their food. -(What is GMO?) GMOs should be labeled because we shouldnt have to guess what is in our food. We should be able to read the label and know what is in the food we are eating. Another big question is are GMOs healthy for the environment? GMOs are made with a bunch of chemicals, because they are suppose to be able to resist pests and weather, but when it rains and washes the chemicals off where do they go? They wash off into rivers and lakes and soak into the ground potentially damaging our water supply.. According to Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Foods, By growing plants or raising livestock in environmental conditions that normally wouldnt support them, there is the potential of irrevocably damaging that environment. This is often seen through GMO crossbreeding. So when experimenting with GMOs such as cross breeding you basically create the need for more GMOs because you contain the environment and only you can plant GMOS there now. GMOs are unhealthy for the environment and dont occur naturally in nature. The foods at high risk for having GMOs in them are, alfalfa, corn, cotton, papaya, soy, sugar beet, yellow summer squash / and zucchini. Glypho sate a chemical found in herbicides that are sprayed on GMOs, is a dangerous chemical that has been linked to a blood cancer, farmers who use these chemicals are at twice the risk. Imagine what these chemicals can do to us as consumers who eat them. Are GMOs even safe for human consumption? A common question usually asked. GMOs can provoke an allergic reaction. According to What Are GMOs? How Are They Affecting Us? [opinion]. The mixing of different types of proteins in food create health hazards and allergic reactions for people eating the foods (What Are GMOs? How Are They Affecting Us?). If we label the foods we would not have to worry about people having allergic reactions because they would not buy or eat the food. Kinda like products made with peanut oil or in a peanut factory we let them know that these foods are made there and have these ingredients. Time and time again, studies have shown that the consumption of GMO foods increase the risks of food-based allergies in people. -(Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Foods). Not only could people be allergic to GMOs but they could possibly develop an allergy to GMOs. If someone develops an allergy to soy because of GMO efforts, then if livestock eats that GMO soy as well, that person would have a high probability of an allergic reaction from eating the animal meat.-(Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Foods) So once people develop an allergy to something, and they eat something from an animal that consumed the same thing they are allergic to, they have a chance of having an allergic reaction to it. If we labeled the food with GMOs people would not have to worry about having a allergic reaction, because they would not eat that item. One last question is what is the long term effects of GMOs on the environment. GMOs can contaminate forever. GMOs cross pollinate and their seeds can travel. It is impossible to fully clean up our contaminated gene pool. Self-propagating GMO pollution will outlast the effects of global warming and nuclear waste.(10 Reasons to Avoid GMOs). Once you plant GMOs on a piece of land you can not go and then plant a non GMO because it does not just go away the chemicals stay there. The potential impact is huge, threatening the health of future generations. GMO contamination has also caused economic losses for organic and non-GMO farmers who often struggle to keep their crops pure. (10 Reasons to Avoid GMOs). GMO seeds travel so not only is it affecting the environment it is affecting the farmers who are non GMO farmers. You can not fully clean up a contaminated gene pool meaning you can not clean this stuff up once it affects another farm. If we would not use genetically modified organisms, we would not have to worry about people developing an allergic reaction or having one, we would not have to worry about contaminating the environment, or worrying about ruining other farms who are non GMO. There is no economic value for GMOs. Therefore if we do use them they should be labeled. Work Cited Ewg. Are GMOs Bad for the Environment? EWG, Emily Cassidy , www.ewg.org/agmag/2016/03/are-gmos-bad-environment. Smith, Jeffrey. 10 Reasons to Avoid GMOs. Institute for Responsible Technology, Institute for Responsible Technology, 15 Jan. 2017, responsibletechnology.org/10-reasons-to-avoid-gmos/. What Are GMOs? How Are They Affecting Us?[opinion]. All Africa, 18 Aug. 2016. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOFsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA466325870it=rasid=aece6b4fa048ceb72e318aa7c76652a8. Accessed 7 Feb. 2017. What Is GMO? The NonGMO Project, The NonGMO Project, www.nongmoproject.org/gmo-facts/what-is-gmo/. Wpadmin. Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Foods. HRFnd, HealthReseachFunding.org, 28 Feb. 2016, healthresearchfunding.org/pros-cons-genetically-modified-foods/.

Champion Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Essay

1.1 Explain models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in your area of responsibility Our organisation is built upon person centred practice and which I uphold this in my daily practice. Person centred practice is defined as the belief in the others potential and ability to make the right choices for him or herself, regardless of the therapist’s own values, beliefs and ideas (BAPCA, 2013). In applying this to people who access our service users this means that care plans are designed with the individual at the centre presenting both choice and control to our clients. This is reflected in legislation produced by the UNCRC which states that people have the right to say what they think should happen when making decisions that affect them and that people with any kind of disability should have special care and support so that they can lead full and independent lives (2011). This model celebrates diversity and conforms to the idea of egalitarianism by recogn ising that everyone is equal in social status; therefore people are treated in the same way because although people differ they all equally deserve (Arneson, 2013). Conversely this also means removing the inequalities that affect people so that they can achieve similar life circumstances and present be presented with equal life standards. This is applied to my practice by considering a person’s preferences, for example the way each individual prefer to communicate and be communicated with and their likes and dislikes in relation to community activities. Taking individual’s preferences into account when designing and operating a service recognises a service user’s wishes, needs and rights. Therefore this helps to diminish the production of a generic ‘one size fits all’ provision which does not value the individual. This way of designing services also gives power to the client, moving away from the idea of the professional as the expert, and takes into account their desired level and type of involvement within the community activities. By valuing and including the individual at every level of their service from design to implementation and then regularly reviewing their service maintains client position of being in control of and truly involved in their service. These personal choices connect to making sure that everyone receives the same rights relating to inclusion within the community and a provision that treats each individual with dignity and respect. Another model of practice that underpins our service is the Social Model of Disability which sites  disability as a creation of society’s shortcomings by resisting adapting and changing to include people with disabilities (Carson, 2009). Society is therefore the cause of a person’s disablement rather than solely belonging to the person themselves. With this in mind, my area of responsibility encompasses accessing mainstream services and including service users in daily activities within the community to establish connections, build familiarity and promoting independency. This is not without obstacles as services and locations must be risk assessed, taking into account an individual’s personal preferences as well as the suitability of a place, to ensure that service users have fair and equal access to environments and opportunities. Arneson, R. (2013) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/egalitarianism/ [Accessed 25 August 2014] BAPCA (The British Association for the Person-Centred Approach) (2013) What is the Person-Centred Approach? Available from: http://www.bapca.org.uk/about/what-is-it.html [Accessed 19 August 2014] Carson, G. on behalf of the Scottish Accessible Information Forum (2009) The Social Model of Disability. Available from: http://www.ukdpc.net/site/images/library/Social%20Model%20of%20Disability2.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2014] UNCRC (The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) (2013) Your Rights. Available from: http://www.uncrcletsgetitright.co.uk/index.php/right [Accessed 19 August 2014] 1.2 Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in your area of responsibility Potential barriers to equality and inclusion within my area of responsibility exist on several levels due to working with disabled service users engaging within the community. In reference to the matrix of oppression (Hardiman and Jackson, 1997) social oppression is maintained and operationalised at three levels: the individual, the institutional and the societal. It explains that these can be displayed through behaviours and/or attitudes both consciously and unconsciously. The effects of these barriers can be the reduced access to certain environments because of lack of lift or necessary aids or the implementation of processes  by organisations that do not allow for the differences amongst all people within society. Barriers within my area of responsibility can come from the prejudgement that people with impairments cannot operate within mainstream society which is a form of social exclusion that upholds segregation. By seeking separate services or opportunities that are specifically designed to eliminate all risk denies individuals the possibility of inclusion within mainstream services. This again links to the social model of disability placing the issues with society’s reluctance to change and adapt to incorporate everyone rather than with an individual’s personal medical diagnosis (Carson, 2009). This is not helped by the media portrayal of disabled people as being helpless or subject to positive discrimination or by being excluded from many public forums altogether. Bronfenbrenner (1979) viewed the social environment as a great influence on people and that being subjected to other people’s attitudes and perceptions of disability, especially from people who are non-disab led, helps individuals to influence perceptions of oneself. If people with impairments are not expected or encouraged to progress in life they may assume that this is something that they are not capable of and internalise this oppression. On an individual level an individual’s behaviour and attitude towards their inability to progress could result in anger/frustration or passivity/ambivalence when consistently faced with supposedly unachievable goals. This is combated in our organisations by attempting to understand the abilities and needs of those who access our service and provide service users with the same social and civil rights through risk assessed opportunities to succeed and progress. Within our organisation barriers to inclusion can lie with members of staff being reluctant to join in with certain activities for their own personal reasons reducing the equality of opportunity for service users. These can be formed by beliefs in of a negative outcome for the service user or a the reluctance to perform a task themselves. As part of my role each activity is risk assessed and the possibility of negative outcomes is managed and reviewed. From reading day reports and regularly talking to both staff and service users about the suitability of their timetables and the locations they are accessing helps to address any concerns and reinforce to staff that, as a person centred service, the outcomes are for the service user’s benefit. This is helped by critically reflecting on practice to see  how services and positive outcomes can be improved. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Carson, G. on behalf of the Scottish Accessible Information Forum (2009) The Social Model of Disability. Available from: http://www.ukdpc.net/site/images/library/Social%20Model%20of%20Disability2.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2014] Hardiman, R. and Jackson, B. W. (1997) Conceptual foundations for social justice courses, in Adams, M. A., Bell, L. A. and Griffin, P. (eds) Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice: A Sourcebook. New York: Routledge 1.3 Analyse the impact of legislation and policy initiatives on the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion Services such as the one I work for aim to enable people to participate within society using a person-centred approach considering that all service users are experts in their own lives. Participation is a requirement reflected in policies created to ensure people with impairments have input into the creation of the services and mandates that directly affect people’s lives. Personalisation was introduced through legislation which is â€Å"primarily a way of thinking about services and those who use them, rather than being a worked out set of policy prescriptions† (Needham, 2014, p.92). Direct payments and personal budgets both upholding these principles and were detailed in The Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1996 (Great Britain, 1996) introduced to ensure greater choice, control and independence for people with disability. By designing and assessing se rvices from the ‘bottom-up’ this approach stems from the consumerist model of participation and empowers service users to gain information to choose and access their own services (Kemshall and Littlechild, 2000). By giving service user’s choice rather than standard provision this recognises diversity and individual need which requires a service to be designed around a person. Having the ability to choose one’s services creates the equality of opportunity and helps adapt to each person’s wishes and ideals concerning inclusion. The allocation of personal budgets may not be suitable for all when considering the struggle of being responsible for locating and accessing provision for service users dealing with significant health issues. Also although budgets can be spent at the  discretion of the service user, rising costs and diminishing resources can mean that affording essential care limits the prospect of community involvement and therefore reduces social inclusion. Another act of legislation to impact upon the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion is the Equality Act (2010) which protects people with certain protected characteristics, including disability, from direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation. This protects people from discrimination arising if this means that someone is treated unfavourably as a consequence of their disability. Equality in itself and the true meaning of the act ensures that everyone has the same chances to do what they can and consequently some people may need extra help to get the same chances. This act promoted the inclusion of a diverse range of people within jobs and communities and also the introduction of equality monitoring forms to evidence that workplaces and services were being opened to all. The introduction of this legislation meant that people would be awarded positions based on merit and justify that all people would have a fair and equal chance opportunity not be treated less favourably. This is reflected in our company policies and the way we help connect those who access our service and their community. It also meant that public places had a duty to make reasonable adjustments to allow access to all by making structural changes where necessary to avoid any disadvantage. Subsequently the building we use is all on one floor containing no steps and is fitted with several appliances and aids to assist those who need help. Kemshall, H. and Littlechild, R. (eds) (2000) User Involvement and Participation in Social Care. London: Jessica Kingsley. Needham, C. (2014) Personalization: From day centres to community hubs? Critical Social Policy, 34(1): 90-108. Great Britain (1996) Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1990 (London: HMSO), ch. 30. Great Britain (2010) Equality Act (London: The Stationery Office) ch. 15. 3.1 Analyse how systems and processes can promote equality and inclusion or reinforce discrimination and exclusion Systems and processes are constantly  being updated externally by governments and councils and should often be reviewed internally to make sure that businesses are adhering to any changes and to make sure that the internal processes are working for those attending the company. By not adapting to current legislation are not upholding the law this can be for a number of reasons such as not keeping up to date with new amendments or legislation, that their way of working is more convenient for the workers or management or by becoming set if their ways. This can mean that service users are not receiving the best quality service or that certain outdated procedures are no longer approved and therefore should not be practiced. Setting a standard and equal level for all service users’ community provision means that everyone is treated equally, at the same time this means that personal differences are not being taken into account and therefore this reinforces discrimination by not allowing each person to engage in their own way. Excluding individuals from certain activities because they are unsuitable for other people means that they are not being given the full scope to expand engage in their interests which in turn excludes options based on the assessment of others. As an example when attempting to gain information on how to improve services a questionnaire may be designed to capture the views of clients and their families on how a service is meeting people’s needs. This questionnaire may have been designed with the idea in mind to promote equality and inclusion and help to tailor future ideas to those directly in contact with the service. Conversely supplying only a paper questionnaire excludes the views of anyone who cannot read or write and therefore will only capture the views of a certain number of people. This process would be better suited to a method of capturing data whereby it is decided upon what information needs to be gathered and then setting about producing flexible and varied methods to ensure everyone is included in the consultation. By reviewing services and auditing practice in line with current legislation companies can avoid providing a generic and outdated service. Having regular staff meetings to ensure that good practice can be shared and to create a strong working partnership where everyone understands and issues and consents to any ideas to do with working patterns and initiatives. Another idea in line with ensuring that systems and processes are working properly and promote equality is by involving external assessors to get a fair view of how well staff are trained and are up to  date on their practice and can they check that all staff understand the ways that they are working in line with the companies philosophies. This reduces nepotism and negates any personal feelings within a workforce by having impartial assessors take facts on face value, such as is paperwork all being completed accordingly, checking training records and reviewing processes. 3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of systems and processes in promoting equality, diversity and inclusion in your area of responsibility There are several systems and processes in my area of responsibility that promote equality, diversity and inclusion including making specific improvements to individual clients service provision and liaising with staff to ensure they feel competent at performing their roles. Firstly, by getting feedback from staff, service users and their families and through direct observation improvements can be made to aid clients in providing a better service. This can only be done through a process of collecting evidence and evaluating the outcomes and benefits for service users. Substantial evidence is required in order to make changes with service users that honour their personal preferences and act in their best interests. Making a case for change through a set system and by taking time over helping to discover and explore the best options takes time; this of course is over ruled in a case where a service user is at risk of harm where we will act as soon as possible to remove that risk. By building up a profile, with service user’s help, our company can adapt to changes for each individual and help to review care plans and timetables to provide the most fluid and coherent service possible. This method is effective as it is based on solid and substantial evidence from many sources and helps service users to express informed choice about how they can best access the community. This is also a slow process, which can cause frustrations but by ensuring that the correct improvements are made the first time limits unnecessary change. Secondly, having regular meetings with staff and ensuring that any concerns or praise is received is essential to a good staff moral and how to maintain an inclusive working environment. Many of the opportunities I have to meet with staff are informally, either face-to-face or on the phone. I often have to address issues then and there and seek out information to assist within a set timescale. Timescales are essential as they provide staff with realistic  measures to have their needs met or to be supplied with information, this helps to build confidence in an inclusive integrated working team. Processes are in place for new staff to make sure that they call read the care plans of the service users that they will be working with and sign them to signal that they have understood and will apply the contents in their practice. This system is essential as it helps staff to get a picture of a person before they start to work with them and accept their personal preferences and adapt to suit each individual. This promotes equality, diversity and inclusion as all staff receive the same training and are accountable for recognising the specific ways to work with individuals with specific needs. By supporting staff directly and being willing to help when they need it in the different ways that it is required, even if this is by referring them to someone more experienced or competent than myself, means that staff recognise our efforts in helping them to work effectively. Consequently as part of the process, reviewing past issues or concerns with staff means that progress can be measured and confidence in their development can be confirmed. 3.3 Propose improvements to address gaps or shortfalls in systems and processes Recording and reporting is paramount when working with a service that cares for individuals who may not always be able to communicate their preferences and opinions clearly. Making sure the correct information is relayed and disseminated efficiently to create consistency for clients in our ways of working is essential. The importance of reporting and recording is that clear, comprehensive and up to date information is disseminated to anyone working with service users and that we can provide a linear and consistent way of working. In an attempt to try to record occurrences during each shift staff are asked to complete day reports at the conclusion of every service; this is to be done as soon as possible to retain any details even minute which may help to build a bigger picture of how to adapt to a service user’s needs. As a part of my role I have been asked to redesign these day reports, seeking help from the individuals themselves, the Good Practice Manager and member of staff who regularly working to support the individuals. Sometimes this is required as part of a mandatory annual review of a service users care plan or because of concerns that our service is not meeting the needs of an individual. This process can be particularly slow and takes time to make sure that it is done correctly.  Getting the chance to gather all staff together, including the individual and their family is often complicated. Redesigning each individual’s day report from the generic format means that we can gather a daily catalogue of the specific type of information necessary to helping bring about changes and provide an effective service. One of the gaps I have found in logging these day reports is that not all staff completed them, let alone hand them in within the 48 hour window of when they should be received. This also negates the reasoning behind designing new day reports if they are not being filled in. I understand how important these reports are to helping support our service users but I also understand that after a long day of work completing these forms in your own time (unpaid) is not the most appealing prospect. Being part of every member of staff’s job role not completing these day reports can lead to disciplinary measures. Alternatively I believe that a proposed improvement would be rewarding and recognising when staff have completed all their relevant forms and celebrating this as I myself understand the effort and dedication this requires. This approach of focusing on the positive helps to highlight good practice rather than reprimand bad practice. Also in giving staff equal opportunities if day reports are not being completed meeting to discuss the cause means adaptations can be made in light of personal requirements if necessary. Other than this, giving staff the paid time to complete these forms would also be appreciated although I understand that this also causes issues because if staff are then being paid to complete the day reports and are not doing so this creates a bigger issue for management. 4.1 Describe ethical dilemmas that may arise in your area of responsibility when balancing individual rights and duty of care When balancing individual rights and duty of care there are several points in relation to ethical dilemmas involved in ensuring that service users remain safe but are still accessing a full inclusive range of activities. For this question I will take an example I have not yet come into contact with but may well do in the course of my work. An ethical dilemma in my working practice could be a service user choosing not to take their medication. This crosses a lot of lines as it indicates personal choice but also can clash with a service user’s best interests. From the medication training I have had any  medication I help to administer to a service user must be done with my full knowledge of the process of how to dispense it and why the service user is taking it. In some circumstances this medication is essential to a service user’s well-being on an emotional or physical level. This is a dilemma that I would need to seek advice on, firstly from the Good Practice Manager at work and the GP whose jurisdiction the service user belongs to. As it is always a service user’s choice to take any type of medication the only intervention would be if a service user was at significant risk to themselves or others because of this reduction in medication. ‘Significant harm’ is defined as the threshold that justifies compulsory intervention relating to the impairment of a person’s health and development (Children Act, 1989). If I were informed of a situation like this I would require documentation of how regularly a service user has opted not to take medication and if they consistently refuse then medical professionals would need to be informed and the effects of doing so would need to be monitored. In extreme cases this may mean medical intervention or hospitalisation if a service user was deteriorating. This relates to the issue of informed choice by helping to outline a service users options and discuss the possible outcomes as a part of risk management. When an individual understands the reasoning behind options by being given fair and balanced advice this can aid them in comprehending the outcomes of their actions. This being said there is often an ethical imbalance between our own personal views and beliefs and that of someone else. In these instances reflection can be useful to understand where feelings or ideas routed and help to understand my input in a situation and where I should step back to make sure I do not cause influence. Also the instance outlined above breaches into confidentiality as well because I am required to record when a service user takes their medication and if they asked me not to inform anyone that they had ceased taking it I would still be required to pass on this information. Falsifying records is not acceptable within the remit of my role and this misinformation could lead to serious consequences for both myself and service users. Great Britain. Children Act [online].Chapter 41. (1989) legislation.gov.uk. Available from: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/contents [Accessed 29 August 2014]. 4.2 Explain the principle of informed choice In order for any services to be carried out by our company there needs to be informed consent from each individual to the implementation of such actions; in cases where individuals do not have the capacity to consent their guardian are required to do so. Informed consent can only be given if those accessing our services are allowed to make informed choices. Detailed in a relevant White Paper (OKDHS, 2002, p6) â€Å"informed choice involves the exchange and understanding of relevant information so that a knowledgeable, reasoned and un-pressured decision can be made† it stresses that the individual or their representative must have â€Å"the competence and legal capacity to make such choices†. In order to make an informed choice â€Å"one needs to build up a picture of the available options and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each† based on a range of high quality, un-biased and relevant information (Baxter, K., Glendinning, C. and Clarke, S., 2008). Individuals are entitled to informed choices as experts in their own lives when making decisions. Putting this into context within my role this means supporting service users to make informed choices about the services they receive in an enabling environment; this being a place where individuals can experiment safely and voice their opinions without fear of repercussion. This can be done by supplying the individual with relevant information and discussing the outcomes of certain scenarios. This requires a non-judgemental stand point and the information given should be impartial and devoid of advice or personal connection. The understanding that individual’s may make different choices to you is an important part of risk management. Outcomes should be supported with the knowledge that all the necessary information has been provided and there is no risk of significant harm to the individual. It is essential to consider both the short and long term outcomes with the service user and to compare the idea of their choice with the reality once undertaken to understand the benefits and potential harms as a result. Issues that arise when considering the impact of informed choice include ethical concerns about whether someone’s choice is in their own best interest, this relates to issues of power. These can be overcome by recognising that we all have the right to make our own choices but can become experts by experience given the opportunity. In relation to service users who are deemed to lack the mental capacity to make informed choices  the Mental Capacity Act (Great Britain, 2005) allows individuals the right to select carers to make decisions on their behalf to be made in their best interests; I will discuss this act more thoroughly in the next point (4.3). My role as a professional is to implementing their informed choice and assist by reviewing the impact of this through specific time measured outcomes. Baxter, K., Glendinning, C. and Clarke, S. (2008) Making informed choices in social care: The importance of accessible information, Health and Social Care in the Community, 16, 2, 197-207 Great Britain (2005) Mental Capacity Act 2005 (London: The Stationary Office), ch 9. OKDHS (2002) Principles and Guidelines for Service Delivery Concepts of Informed Choice and Informed Consent. Available from: http://advantage.ok.gov/WhitePapers/InformedChoiceInformenConsent.pdf [Accessed 26 August 2014] 4.3 Explain how issues of individual capacity may affect informed choice Individual capacity impacts upon informed choice when a person is unable to make their own decisions. According to the Mental Health Act (2005) is a set of rules which protect you if you are not able to make decisions and mental capacity is the ability to make your own decisions. It states that in order to make a decision you need to be able to understand all the information relevant to making that decision, use or weigh up that information, keep or remember that information, have the means to communicate your decision to someone else. It also states that making an unwise decision is different than not being able to make a decision. Individual capacity must be assessed before deemed an individual is deemed to lack such capacity. There is a test contained within the Mental Capacity Act which has to be completed for each decision that needs to be made as capacity can vary depending on the decision being made and is completed by a health care professional. The assessment entails being able to understand the information needed to make the decision, being able to remember and recall that information, being able to understand the result or outcome of the choice you are making, or being able to tell people your decision in any way, such as talking, sign language or squeezing someone’s hand. In the case where an individual is deems to lack in individual capacity to make an informed choice decisions others will have to make decisions on your behalf. This legislation protects carers and  healthcare professionals. If they think you need care or treatment and you lack capacity they have a legal right to treat you without your consent. The issues surrounding individual capacity and informed choice affect out care as we would have to direct our personal centred care based on information and decisions made by others rather than the individual who we care for. Ensuring that any individual in our care has a high level of service that respects their privacy and dignity is one of the philosophies that our company is based on so engaging, including and communicating any service user in their daily routine would still be our priority. That is not to say that we would inform an individual of their care plan and their engagement if this were deemed stressful for the client and a decision would need to be made on a case by case basis. All information and facts gathered from the following pages: Mental Capacity Act (2005) cited in Rethink Mental Illness (2014) Mental capacity and mental illness. Available from: http://www.rethink.org/living-with-mental-illness/mental-health-laws/mental-capacity/principles [Accessed 26 August 2014] 4.4 Propose a strategy to manage risks when balancing individual rights and duty of care in your area of responsibility By completing risk assessments and creating appropriate procedures based on current knowledge and by pre-empting situations and management strategies before incidents occur help to uphold our duty of care as an organisation. Strategies that are used to manage risk include devising action plans including, where possible, service users and their families and friends. By using the knowledge of service users and their capacity to express what they like and dislike as well as their preferences is essential in designing a service around an individual. Documenting and disseminating current and up to date information to all staff working with any individual using are service means that we can provide continuity of service, information on how to manage certain risks and help to fulfil a service users wants and needs. Team meetings and regular core group meeting about a servi ce, again preferably including service users, provide the opportunity to monitoring and review any changes and developments for a service user’s health and well-being. By being clear  about everyone’s role and responsibilities within a service and how best to record and report information, depending on its importance relaying it to people in the correct way and within the shortest time frame. Respecting individual’s rights can bring up ethical dilemma and concerns which staff are instructed to discuss as soon as possible and to record when reporting on each service to be assess and reviewed under our duty of care. This is to benefit individual’s attending our service by keeping them safe, in both the short and long term. Each individual has the right to informed choice and to have these choices supported even if they conflict with our own. Through proper assessment and review the impact of a service user’s choice can be monitored and justified based on their rights to be continued as long as they are not deemed to be causing harm to themselves of others. Legislation is always changing and it is imperative that as an organisation we are up to date on current laws and policies that govern our service. An example of the balance of individual rights and duty of care may include a service user choosing not to wear their seatbelt when using their wheelchair. Legislation states that when the wheelchair is in motion the belt should be worn to prevent harm to the user. In this case a risk assessment should be carried out and the possible consequences of not wearing the belt explained to the user. If their choice remains the same then advice must be sought depending on the usage of the chair and the necessity of them wearing the belt and if it is imperative then seeking consent from service user, or in relevant cases their family. If this is seen as restriction of rights then receiving signed confirm that this is their choice would be required. This information should then be relayed to all staff working with this service user and explained that caution must be used when using the wheelchair. Ideally asking staff to sign to say they have understood the new procedures and risk assessment and this should be reviewed regularly. Disability Discrimination Act (1995) Equality Act (2010) Mental Health Act (1983) NHS and Community Care Act (1990) Websites and reading; Care Quality Commission , www.cqc.org.uk

Health Care Reform For The United States - 3412 Words

Many ways are used to measure how much Americans values life. Obviously, good health is a major factor of being happy and satisfied with an Americans’ life. People also place family and friends very high on the list of value for health care insurance. Health care has become the stress to every person’s life. Health care controls everything a person does due to the drawbacks of not having it when it is necessary; like breaking an arm or coming down with a deathly illness. With these issues, it is said that reforms are on their way. â€Å"Health care reform will be on the agenda for future sessions of Congress, because the economic pressures of rising health care costs on the federal government, business, and individuals are not going to abate† (King). Health care has become a pain for many reasons. It takes up time, money, and security. Having health care in the United States is a necessity; without this many hospitals do not admit a patient or, if done so, the pa tient becomes flooded with bills for everything. But just because health care is a necessity in the United States does not mean it comes easily. With so much that goes into health care, loads of information and research must be gathered; to understand health care and why one must have information on health care history, information about human rights in regards of health care, what other forms of health care are out there, price of health care, Americans opinion on American health care, and many more items that healthShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Reform : The United States Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagesfeel heath care reform was necessary, health care costs affect the economy, the federal budget, and virtually every American’s family’s financial well-being. 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Essay about How Do Humans Acquire Language - 1294 Words

How Do Humans Acquire Language? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Humans live in a world full of communication. Humans possess a native language that separates them from other animals. Language is developed within the first few years of a person’s life. By the time one is a child; he can speak and understand almost as well as an adult. Children world-wide exhibit similar patterns of language acquisition even though they may be learning different languages. How humans learn even the most complicated languages has perplexed the minds of many scientists. Two of the most popular beliefs on language acquisition today are held by Skinner and Chomsky. Their opposing belief on how humans acquire language has become the two standard views on this†¦show more content†¦Skinner believed language acquisition to be a learned behavior. He suggested that children learned language through observation rather then biological predisposition (Gazzaniga and Heatherton 373). Berry acknowledges Skinner’s theory on operant co nditioning, which is a behavior that is immediately reinforced (115). For example, when an infant imitates the pattern of syllables of the mother, the mother will immediately express joy and delight. However, as speech continues to develop only closer approximations of the speech will be rewarded. Berry points out that with systematically applied rewards the child learns to repeat the word or phrase (115). Gazzaniga and Heatherton highlight that Skinner also believed people cross-culturally used the same type of speech patterns which helped a child to learn the language. He said it was easier for a child to learn when parents repeated words and used slower speech (373). Chomsky believed that humans acquire language through an instinctive knowledge. He thought that there was deeper meaning to words and that was how people learned them so easily (Gazzaniga and Heatherton 374). When someone hears a sentence they do not merely hear the words, instead they acquire a certain understanding of the meaning of the words. Gazzaniga and Heatherton add that his major theory was that every human was born with a language acquisition device (LAD) that allowed them to learn any language. HeShow MoreRelatedHow Do Humans Acquire Language?1332 Words   |  6 PagesHow Do Humans Acquire Language? Humans live in a world full of communication. Humans possess a native language that separates them from other animals. Language is developed within the first few years of a person s life. By the time one is a child; he can speak and understand almost as well as an adult. Children world-wide exhibit similar patterns of language acquisition even though they may be learning different languages. 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Linguistic nativism is one theory that addressesRead MoreLanguage Acquisition : Study Of How Humans Acquire A Set Of Semantic, Syntactic And Phonological Categories Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage Acquisition Language acquisition is the study of how humans acquire a set of semantic, syntactic, morphological and phonological categories and rules that underlie their ability to speak and understand the language to which they are exposed. (Parker and Riley, 2005) Language is an understanding that truly makes us human. Yes, other species do communicate with an innate ability to produce a limited number of meaningful words, but there is no other species that can express sentences withRead MoreA Pragmatic Philosophy Of Second Language Acquisition1256 Words   |  6 PagesA Pragmatic Philosophy of Second Language Acquisition Learning a second language is an issue of immense importance in our contemporary world. 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The main argument will rely on whether the language ones speaks affects ones thinking or the way they think affects their language. Traditionally, it has been understood that language is used to express thoughts;convey ideas individuals hold in minds via a transmissible form, for instance: sounds, body language, expressions or written symbols.H owever, we are introduced to multiculturalism in our time which conveys many languages are spokenRead MoreCharacteristics Of A First And Second Language : Behaviorism, Innatism And Social Interactionist Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesof approaches have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of language acquisition. These models were influenced by variety of disciplines and research directions, such as cognitive psychology, linguistics, etc.; therefore, the models relate to linguistic development in various ways. One of the most striking differences between the approaches is the perception of the place of heredity and environment in the process of acquiring language, but as we shall see each approach gives them a different weight